{"id":1046,"date":"2023-09-06T11:40:15","date_gmt":"2023-09-06T17:40:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ctlj.colorado.edu\/?p=1046"},"modified":"2024-03-12T20:01:14","modified_gmt":"2024-03-13T02:01:14","slug":"walling-off-privacy-apples-neuralhash-controversy-the-ecpa-the-fourth-amendment-and-encryption","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ctlj.colorado.edu\/?p=1046","title":{"rendered":"Walling Off Privacy: Apple&#8217;s NeuralHash Controversy, The ECPA, The Fourth Amendment, and Encryption"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>In August of 2021, Apple announced a series of controversial features for its iPhone iOS 15 operating system designed to combat the spread of child sexual abuse material (CSAM). Two of the most notable features included: (1) client-side scanning of photos stored within the iCloud Photos application and (2) content moderation of user communications within the Messages application. Many privacy advocates raised serious concerns over the processes Apple proposed and the possibility of exploiting this technology for other ends\u2014\u201cfunction creep\u201d\u2014with a potential chilling effect on associative freedoms more generally. These concerns require re-examining the uneasy relationship between the Fourth Amendment and the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) to fully understand what makes these features so controversial in addition to analyzing Apple\u2019s proposed technologies in detail. This note does not take issue with combating the spread of CSAM through technological means. Rather, it seeks to explain why concerns about Apple\u2019s proposed features, in particular, are justified. It explores how Apple\u2019s proposed safety features could undermine individuals\u2019 reasonable expectation of privacy (REP) in their smartphone devices and electronic communications, as well as potentially create opportunity for further judicial inconsistencies. Finally, it proposes a new framework as an attempt to address these multifaceted issues: that the Supreme Court recognize the encryption of communications, data and files from personal smartphone devices as akin to the walls of one\u2019s home in a search context. This metaphor helps harmonize the ECPA\u2019s and the Fourth Amendment\u2019s different oversight requirements to reinforce individuals\u2019 REP in electronic communications and smartphone devices.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Link to Full Note:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ctlj.colorado.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Rudin-FINAL-08.02.2023.pdf\">Walling Off Privacy: Apple&#8217;s NeuralHash Controversy, The ECPA, The Fourth Amendment, and Encryption<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abstract In August of 2021, Apple announced a series of controversial features for its iPhone iOS 15 operating system designed to combat the spread of child sexual abuse material (CSAM). Two of the most notable features included: (1) client-side scanning of photos stored within the iCloud Photos application and (2) content moderation of user communications [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[42,9,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1046","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-issue-2","category-printed","category-volume-21"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"portfolio_item-thumbnail":false,"portfolio_item-thumbnail@2x":false,"portfolio_item-masonry":false,"portfolio_item-masonry@2x":false,"portfolio_item-thumbnail_cinema":false,"portfolio_item-thumbnail_portrait":false,"portfolio_item-thumbnail_portrait@2x":false,"portfolio_item-thumbnail_square":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Gabriel J. Rudin","author_link":""},"uagb_comment_info":2,"uagb_excerpt":"Abstract In August of 2021, Apple announced a series of controversial features for its iPhone iOS 15 operating system designed to combat the spread of child sexual abuse material (CSAM). Two of the most notable features included: (1) client-side scanning of photos stored within the iCloud Photos application and (2) content moderation of user communications&hellip;","featured_media_urls":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctlj.colorado.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1046","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctlj.colorado.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctlj.colorado.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctlj.colorado.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctlj.colorado.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1046"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/ctlj.colorado.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1046\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1237,"href":"https:\/\/ctlj.colorado.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1046\/revisions\/1237"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctlj.colorado.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1046"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctlj.colorado.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1046"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctlj.colorado.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1046"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}